Food varies hugely between different countries, and the same can be true of dining etiquette. In China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, people do not leave chopsticks sticking up in a bowl of rice, which is regarded as bad luck. Also, using chopsticks to point at someone is considered to be rude. Similarly, other places around the world have their own do's and don'ts and taboos about table manners.
不同國家之間的食物差異很大，用餐禮儀也是如此。在中國、日本、韓國和台灣，人們不會把筷子插在碗裡，這樣被認為是不吉利的。此外，用筷子指向某人也被視為是無禮的。同樣地，世界上的其他地方對餐桌禮儀也都有屬於當地的規矩和禁忌。
In some cultures, you must be careful about adding stuff to the dishes you are served. For instance, do not ask for salt and pepper in Portugal and Egypt or extra cheese in Italy. Doing so may be seen as an insult to the chef's cooking skills.
在某些文化中，在所提供的菜餚中添加東西時必須要小心。例如，在葡萄牙和埃及不可以要求鹽和胡椒，在義大利不可以要求額外的起司。這樣做可能會被視為對廚師烹飪技巧的一種侮辱。
In Ireland, when you visit someone's house for dinner, take flowers or a bottle of wine instead of going empty-handed. You will usually be offered tea, and it is seen as rude to refuse it. In France, people take eating very seriously. During the meal, diners tend to keep their hands in sight at all times. Some people say that, in the past, this showed you weren't hiding a gun under the table. In reality, though, it's just good manners. Above all, you should take your time over a meal, which the chef put a lot of effort into.
在愛爾蘭，當你去某人家吃晚餐時，帶上鮮花或一瓶酒，而不是兩手空空的去。通常人家會提供茶水給你，拒絕的話會被視為不禮貌。在法國，人們非常重視飲食。在用餐期間，用餐者往往會一直把手放在視線範圍內。有人說，在過去，這表明你沒有在桌子底下藏槍。但實際上，這只是禮貌。最重要的是，你應該慢慢地吃頓飯，因為它可是廚師大費周章所做出來的。
In addition, how you eat varies from place to place. In India and some Arab countries, forks and knives are generally not used for eating. Instead, people use their hands to eat solid food. This brings awareness of the texture and temperature of the food through the sense of touch. Visitors who have tried eating by hand usually enjoy it and say that the food tastes better. People in these countries only use the right hand. The left hand is mostly used in the restroom and is apparently unclean.
此外，飲食方式因地而異。在印度和一些阿拉伯國家，一般不使用刀叉吃飯。相反，人們用手來抓食固體食物。這可以使人透過觸覺來感受食物的質地和溫度。嘗試過用手吃的遊客通常會喜歡並說食物更好吃了。這些國家的人只用右手。左手主要用於洗手間，顯然不潔淨。
You should also be mindful about finishing a meal. In most cultures, leftover food may be taken as a hint that you didn't enjoy the meal. However, in some countries, such as Russia, Cambodia, and the Philippines, an empty plate might make your host think you weren't fed enough.
你還需要注意如何結束一頓飯。在大多數文化中，吃剩的食物可能暗示著你不喜歡這頓飯。但是，在某些國家，像是俄羅斯、柬埔寨和菲律賓，吃到不剩的空盤子可能會讓招待你的主人認為你沒吃飽。
If you want to make your trips abroad tasty and free of embarrassment, it is wise to become familiar with food etiquette. With all the various local eating customs, it is easy for the careless visitor to make a mistake. Do a little research to make sure you're not the ignorant foreign visitor.
如果你想讓你的旅行既美味又不會鬧笑話丟臉，熟悉飲食禮儀是明智之舉。由於各地的飲食習慣不勝枚舉，粗心的遊客很容易出錯。做一點研究，以確保自己不會當個無知的外國觀光客。
- vary [ˋvɛrɪ] v.
變化，（使）不同
The fruits sold in the store vary according to the season.
這間店賣的水果會根據季節而不同。
I like to vary the way I travel to school so that it doesn't get too boring.
我喜歡變換我去學校的方式，這樣才不會太無聊。 - various [ˋvɛrɪəs] adj.
各種不同的
In her job as a tour guide, Stephanie often has to deal with various misunderstandings.
在她身為導遊的工作中，Stephanie 時常需要處理各種不同的誤解。 - dine [daɪn] v.
吃正餐
People who want to dine in this restaurant must dress formally.
想在這間餐廳吃晚飯的人必須著正裝。 - diner [ˋdaɪnɚ] n.
用餐者
The busy restaurant needs extra staff to cope with so many diners.
這間忙碌的餐廳需要額外員工來處理這麼多用餐的人。 - etiquette [ˋɛtɪkɛt] n.
禮儀，規矩
Cutting in line is very bad etiquette in some cultures.
在一些文化中，插隊是很沒規矩的。 - regard [rɪˋgɑrd] v.
看待，視為
David regards his wife as the most important person in his life.
David 將他太太視為他人生中最重要的人。 - taboo [təˋbu] n.
禁忌
Touching someone on the head is a social taboo in Thailand.
在泰國，摸他人的頭是社會禁忌。 - manners [ˋmænɚz] n.
禮儀，禮節
To show correct table manners, hold the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.
要表現出正確的餐桌禮儀，請將刀子拿在右手並將叉子握在左手。 - manner [ˋmænɚ] n.
方式，方法；態度
Fry the eggs in the normal manner and then place one on top of each steak.
用一般方式煎蛋，然後各放一個在每片牛排上。
We like our teacher because she always has a friendly manner.
我們喜歡我們的老師，因為她的態度總是很友好。 - stuff [stʌf] n.
東西，事情
Many soft drinks are full of sugar and other unhealthy stuff.
許多軟性飲料含有大量糖分及其他不健康的物質。 - stuff [stʌf] v.
裝滿，填塞
Sally stuffed her bag with warm clothes for her trip to Alaska.
Sally 的包包塞滿了阿拉斯加之旅的保暖衣物。 - serve [sɝv] v.
呈上（食物或飲料）；服務（顧客）
The restaurant serves dishes with the freshest meat and vegetables.
餐廳端上呈著最新鮮的肉類和蔬菜的菜餚。
The cashiers who work in this store always serve customers with a smile.
在這間店裡工作的收銀員總是掛著笑容服務顧客。 - server [ˋsɝvɚ] n.
侍者
In the cafe, the servers are all young students working part time.
在這間咖啡廳，服務生都是兼職的年輕學生。 - insult [ˋɪnsʌlt] n.
汙辱
Mary felt that Gareth's joke was an insult to her sister and that he should apologize.
Mary 認為 Gareth 的笑話對她妹妹是種污辱，而且他應該道歉。 - insult [ɪnˋsʌlt] v.
汙辱，辱罵
In some countries, you may insult a waiter if you don't leave a tip.
在一些國家中，如果你沒留小費可能會侮辱到服務生。 - tend [tɛnd] v.
傾向，易於
Small children tend to believe everything they are told by their parents.
小孩容易相信他們父母告訴他們的所有事情。 - tendency [ˋtɛndənsɪ] n.
傾向
Tina has a tendency to do too many tasks at the same time.
Tina 有一次做太多事的傾向。 - effort [ˋɛfɚt] n.
氣力，努力
You won't succeed unless you put effort into what you are doing.
除非你對正在做的事情付出精力，不然不會成功。
Frank made a big effort to impress his boss, but she failed to notice him.
Frank 很努力想讓他老闆對他留下印象，但她沒注意到他。 - effortless [ˋɛfɚtlɪs] adj.
不費力的，輕鬆的
Though it took great skill, the dancer made the performance look effortless.
儘管需要高超的技術，但那名舞者讓演出看起來毫不費力。 - awareness [əˋwɛrnɪs] n.
察覺
Irene was upset because of her sister's awareness of her secret.
Irene 因為妹妹察覺她的秘密而感到心煩。 - aware [əˋwɛr] adj.
察覺到的，知道的
The young boy did not seem to be aware of the danger as he crossed the busy road.
這個小男孩走過熙來攘往的馬路時，似乎沒有注意到危險。 - texture [ˋtɛkstʃɚ] n.
口感
This bakery's cakes are light and tasty, with a wonderful texture that makes them melt in your mouth.
這間麵包店的蛋糕很清爽又很好吃，有入口即化很棒的口感。 - apparently [əˋpærəntlɪ] adv.
顯然地，明顯地
Research shows that many diseases are apparently related to air pollution.
研究顯示許多疾病顯然與空污有關。 - apparent [əˋpærənt] adj.
明顯的
The old man's joy was apparent from the smile on his face.
從他臉上的笑容來看，這個老先生的喜悅是很明顯的。 - mindful [ˋmaɪndfəl] adj.
注意的，留神的
Everyone is mindful of the big exam, which is only one month away now.
每個人都很注意大考，那距離現在只剩一個月了。 - leftover [ˋleft͵ovɚ] adj.
剩下的，留下的
After the party, our neighbor gave us some of the leftover drinks.
派對過後，我們鄰居給我們一些剩下的飲料。 - leftovers [lɛftovɚz] n.
剩菜
Mom didn't cook today, so there are only leftovers for dinner.
媽媽今天沒煮飯，所以晚餐只有剩菜。 - hint [hɪnt] n.
暗示，提示
I stared at Lucy, trying to stop her from being so noisy in the library, but she didn't take the hint.
我瞪著 Lucy，試圖要阻止她在圖書館喧嘩，但她似乎沒看懂我的暗示。 - hint [hɪnt] v.
暗示
This clear calm weather hints at the approach of a typhoon.
晴朗平靜的天氣暗示著颱風的接近。 - host [host] n.
主人，東道主；主辦方
Mrs. Jones loves to be the host for dinner parties in her beautiful home.
Jones 太太喜歡在她美麗的家中擔任晚餐派對的主人。
Rio played host to the 2016 Olympic Games.
里約擔任 2016 年奧運的主辦方。 - host [host] v.
主辦
Russia hosted the football World Cup in 2018.
俄羅斯在 2018 年舉辦世界盃足球賽。 - abroad [əˋbrɔd] adv.
到國外，在國外
I want to travel abroad to satisfy my curiosity about other countries.
我想要出國旅行，好滿足我對其他國家的好奇。 - embarrassment [ɪmˋbærəsmənt] n.
尷尬；丟臉的人或事
Imagine my embarrassment when I realized Ivy heard me saying rude things about her.
試想一下當我發現 Ivy 聽到我說那些無禮的話時，我有多尷尬。
Jo felt her little sister would be an embarrassment to her at the party.
Jo 覺得她妹妹在派對上會害她丟臉。 - embarrass [ɪmˋbærəs] v.
使尷尬，使丟臉
Billy's mother kissed him, embarrassing him in front of his friends.
Billy 的媽媽親了他一下，在他朋友面前讓他很尷尬。 - embarrassing [ɪmˋbærəsɪŋ] adj.
令人尷尬的
Walking into the girl's restroom by mistake was really embarrassing for Tony.
不小心走進女生廁所對 Tony 來說真的很尷尬。 - embarrassed [ɪmˋbærəst] adj.
感到丟臉的
I could tell Sue was embarrassed about her mistake because her face turned red.
我看得出來 Sue 對她犯的錯誤感到很尷尬，因為她臉都紅了。 - familiar [fəˋmɪljɚ] adj.
熟悉的
I was not familiar with the city, so I enjoyed exploring its narrow streets.
我對這座城市不是很熟悉，所以我很喜歡探索城市的狹窄街道。 - research [ˋrɪsɝtʃ] n.
調查，研究
Most companies do a lot of market research before they bring out a new product.
大多數公司在推出新產品之前都會做很多的調查。 - research [rɪˋsɝtʃ] v.
研究，調查
Professor Wang is researching the causes of different brain diseases.
王教授正在調查不同腦部疾病的成因。 - researcher [riˋsɝtʃɚ] n.
研究人員
Janice is a researcher for a company that produces self-driving cars.
Janice 在一間生產自動駕駛車子的公司裡擔任研究人員。 - ignorant [ˋɪgnərənt] adj.
無知的，愚昧的
I was ignorant about ancient Rome before I read this fascinating book.
在我閱讀這本這麼棒的書之前，我對古羅馬一無所知。 - ignorance [ˋɪgnərəns] n.
無知，愚昧
It was hard keeping Molly in ignorance of her surprise birthday party.
要瞞著 Molly 不讓她知道她的驚喜生日派對真的很難。 - stick up
豎立，豎直
I can tell you've been sleeping because your hair is sticking up.
我看得出來你一直在睡覺，因為你的頭髮豎起來了。 - take...seriously
正視，看重
George takes his work very seriously and is always the first person to arrive in the morning.
George 很認真看待他的工作，也一直是早上第一個到的人。 - at all times
一直，總是
Keep your eyes on the road at all times when you are driving.
開車時要一直留意路況。 - in reality
事實上
Many people think elephants are gentle animals, but in reality they can be very dangerous.
許多人認為大象是溫馴的動物，但事實上牠們也可能很危險。 - above all
最重要的是，首先
Be polite to our visitors, and above all, make them feel welcome.
對我們的訪客要有禮貌，最重要的是，要讓他們感覺賓至如歸。 - take one's time
不用急，慢慢來
I took my time driving to the airport and arrived just as my friend came through customs.
我慢慢開車去機場，抵達時我朋友正好在過海關。 - in addition
此外
Emily works hard and is passionate about her job. In addition, she is helpful and friendly to everyone.
Emily 工作認真並熱愛她的工作。此外，她熱於助人且待人和善。 - be free of
沒有，無須
On weekends this street is free of cars and other vehicles, so shopping is a pleasure then.
週末時這個街道都沒有車子或交通工具，所以在那時候購物是很愉悅的事情。
