Gus was imprisoned for nearly twenty-five years. The long years of captivity made him uninterested in the world. As he became more depressed, he began to swim like crazy. Sometimes, not knowing what to do, he would just stare into empty space or pace up and down. His appetite gradually disappeared. Eventually he developed a tumor. Gus was a polar bear in Central Park Zoo, New York. He died in 2013.
Gus 被禁錮了將近二十五年。漫長的囚禁歲月使牠對世界漠不關心。當牠變得更加沮喪時，牠開始拼命地游泳。有時候，不知道該做什麼，牠會就發著呆或者來回上下走動。牠的食慾逐漸地消失。最後牠長出一顆腫瘤。Gus 是在紐約中央公園動物園裡的北極熊。牠在 2013 年去世。
In zoos and marine parks around the world, countless animals like Gus develop behaviors that they rarely exhibit in the wild. Their strange behaviors mainly result from their limited space. Many large mammals roam large distances in their natural environment. If Gus had been a free polar bear in the Arctic, he would have had much more space to move around freely.
在世界各地的動物園和海洋公園中，有無數的動物如同 Gus 一般，發展出牠們在野外很少見的行為。牠們的怪異行為主要是因為處在有限的空間內。許多大型哺乳類動物會在自然環境中悠悠走過很長的距離。如果 Gus 當初是隻自由生活在北極的北極熊，牠會有更多空間能自由地四處走動。
The unnatural restrictions of zoos can have severe effects on animals. Many of them show serious emotional problems caused by loneliness or by lack of privacy or mental stimulation while in tiny enclosures. They even start harming themselves. Big cats, bears, and wolves tend to walk around their enclosures constantly, some even pulling out their own fur or hitting their heads repeatedly against a wall. Giraffes and apes are no better off—they often lick or bite bars and gates. Many zoo visitors mistake these signs of stress in animals for cute behavior. It is anything but cute, especially when a captive animal goes completely crazy and kills or seriously injures people, as sometimes happens.
動物園內反常的限制會對動物造成嚴重的影響。許多動物因孤獨或在狹小圈禁空間沒有隱私或心理刺激，顯現出嚴重的情緒問題。牠們甚至開始自殘。大型貓科動物、熊和狼往往在自己的圈禁空間內不斷走動，有些甚至拔下牠們自己身上的毛，或是一再地用頭部去撞牆。長頸鹿和猩猩也好不到哪裡去－－牠們經常舔咬欄杆和柵門。很多動物園遊客誤把動物的這些壓力徵兆當成可愛的行為。這絕非可愛的行為，尤其是當圈養的動物徹底瘋狂而殺死或重傷人類的時候，這種事時有所聞。
Captivity is also bad for the physical health of animals. A large number of animals held in zoos are overweight, for example elephants. These huge animals need a lot of space so that they can play, bathe in rivers, and exercise freely. Sad to say, though well fed, elephants in zoos cannot walk as far as those in the wild do. Obviously, many zoos cannot completely reproduce the conditions of the wild. As a result, elephants raised in zoos usually have a shorter lifespan than those living in the wild areas of Asia and Africa.
圈養對動物的身體健康也有害。許多被關在動物園的動物都過重，例如大象。這種巨型動物需要許多空間讓牠們可以玩耍、在河裡洗澡，並且自由地運動。不幸的是，動物園的大象雖然吃得很飽，卻無法像野生象一樣遠行。很顯然地，許多動物園無法完全複製野外的生活條件。因此，動物園飼養的大象的壽命通常都比那些生活在亞洲和非洲野外的大象還要短。
Many animals care about more than mere survival. They delight in roaming through landscapes of great beauty, as well as in the companionship of their families. At one time our human ancestors understood these things better, and they identified with animals even while hunting them for food. Perhaps we should let nature run its course. After all, wild animals are meant to live in the wild. If we opened their cages, we could open our minds.
許多動物關心的不僅是存活而已。牠們喜歡漫遊在極美麗的景色當中，也喜歡有家人的陪伴。從前我們人類的祖先更加明白這些事理，在獵食動物的時候也會將心比心。也許我們應該讓大自然順其自然地發展。畢竟，野生動物原本就應該生活在野外。如果我們打開籠子，我們就能敞開心胸。
- imprison [ɪmˋprɪzn] v.
關押，囚禁
Imprisoned by his enemies for six months, the prince eventually managed to escape.
在被敵人囚禁了六個月之後，王子終於設法逃走了。 - imprisonment [ɪmˋprɪznmənt] n.
監禁，坐牢
To avoid imprisonment, Ted agreed to give the police information about the other gang members.
為了避免坐牢，Ted 同意向警方提供有關其他黑幫成員的訊息。 - captivity [kæpˋtɪvətɪ] n.
囚禁，關押
After being held in captivity for so long, the poor tiger was in terrible physical condition.
在被囚禁這麼久之後，這隻可憐的老虎身體狀況非常糟糕。 - captive [ˋkæptɪv] adj.
被監禁的，被俘虜的
Ellie works for an organization that helps free captive animals.
Ellie 在一間協助釋放囚禁動物的組織工作。 - captive [ˋkæptɪv] n.
俘虜，囚徒
The politician once spent several weeks as a captive of a group of criminals.
那位政治家曾被一群罪犯俘虜了好幾個星期。 - capture [ˋkæptʃɚ] v.
捕獲，俘虜
The store owner was fined for keeping a monkey that had been captured illegally in the jungle.
店主因飼養一隻在叢林中非法捕獲的猴子而被罰款。 - stare [stɛr] v.
凝視，瞪眼看
Irene felt uncomfortable in the coffee shop because a man kept staring at her.
Irene 在咖啡店裡感到不自在，因為有個男人一直盯著她看。 - pace [pes] v,
來回踱步，走來走去
Unable to sit still before the interview, Alex paced back and forth until he was called.
面試前坐不住，Alex 來回踱步直到被叫到。 - pace [pes] n.
步調，速度
The runners maintained a steady pace until the final lap of the race.
賽跑員維持穩定的速度直到比賽最後一圈。 - appetite [ˋæpə͵taɪt] n.
食慾
Tina had little appetite this morning and left most of her breakfast on the plate.
Tina 早上沒什麼食慾，大部分的早餐都留在了盤子上。 - gradually [ˋgrædʒʊəlɪ] adv.
漸漸地
At first I didn't like the film, but gradually I grew more interested as I watched.
起初我不喜歡這部電影，但看著看著就越來越感興趣。 - gradual [ˋgrædʒʊəl] adj.
逐漸的
Having lived there for so many years, Frank has noticed the gradual changes in the town.
在那裡居住多年，Frank 察覺到這城鎮逐漸有了改變。 - marine [məˋrin] adj.
海洋的，棲息於海中的
Most whales live on tiny marine creatures that are found everywhere in the ocean.
多數鯨魚以海洋中隨處可見的小型海洋生物為食。 - exhibit [ɪgˋzɪbɪt] v.
顯現；展出
The students couldn't help but exhibit their excitement when the teacher told them about the class trip.
當老師告訴學生們有關班級旅遊的事，他們忍不住露出興奮之情。
His personal art collection is being exhibited for the first time in a local museum.
他的個人藝術收藏首次在當地博物館展出。 - exhibition [͵ɛksəˋbɪʃən] n.
展現；展覽會
Paul's victory in the game was a perfect exhibition of skill and determination.
Paul 在比賽中取得勝利，這是他技術和決心的完美展現。
There is an exhibition of 19th-century paintings at the city art museum.
市美術館有一場 19 世紀的畫展。 - mammal [ˋmæm!] n.
哺乳動物
Bats are believed to be the only mammals that can truly fly.
蝙蝠被認為是唯一真正會飛的哺乳動物 。 - roam [rom] v.
（漫無目的地）漫遊，遊蕩
Many homeless people spend their days roaming the streets in search of food and a place to sleep.
許多無家可歸的人整天在街上遊蕩，尋找食物和睡覺的地方。
Wolves are used to roaming far and wide to catch the animals they eat.
狼習慣四處遊蕩捕捉獵物。 - privacy [ˋpraɪvəsɪ] n.
隱私權
Online privacy is very important, but it can be difficult to protect sometimes.
網路隱私非常重要，但有時候很難保護。 - private [ˋpraɪvɪt] adj.
不公開的；私人的
Janice had a private talk with her homeroom teacher about her problems with some of her classmates.
Janice 私下跟她的班主任談了談關於她和一些同學的問題。
The Hollywood superstar is so wealthy that he travels in a private jet.
這位好萊塢巨星非常富有，會搭私人飛機去旅行。 - stimulation [͵stɪmjəˋleʃən] n.
刺激，激勵
Professor Jones uses interesting techniques for the stimulation of critical thinking in his students.
Jones 教授利用有趣的技巧來激發學生的批判性思維。 - stimulate [ˋstɪmjə͵let] v.
刺激，激勵
It is hoped that these new measures will help stimulate the economy.
這些新措施有望能幫助刺激經濟。 - enclosure [ɪnˋkloʒɚ] n.
圍起來的區域
When I visited the zoo again, I was glad to see the bears were in a bigger enclosure.
當我再次參觀動物園，我很高興看到熊換到一個更大的圍場。 - enclose [ɪnˋkloz] v.
圍住
Behind Alec's house is a large garden that is enclosed by three high walls.
Alec 的房子後面是一座被三道高牆圍起來的大花園。 - fur [fɝ] n.
（動物的）毛皮
These animals possess thick fur that keeps them warm in the Arctic winter.
這些動物有厚厚的毛皮，能讓牠們在北極的冬天裡保暖。 - furry [ˋfɝɪ] adj.
毛茸茸的
Emilia has a collection of furry toy animals, including a rabbit and a squirrel.
Emilia 蒐集了很多毛茸茸的動物玩具，包括一隻兔子和一隻松鼠。 - repeatedly [rɪˋpitɪdlɪ] adv.
再三，一再
Ruth's husband talked repeatedly during the journey, telling her how to drive and which way to go.
Ruth 的丈夫在旅途中不停嘮叨，告訴她要怎麼開車，走哪條路。 - repeated [rɪˋpitɪd] adj.
一次又一次的
Donald's repeated coughing and sneezing made his mother worried about his health.
Donald 反覆咳嗽、打噴嚏，這讓他媽媽相當擔心他的健康。 - injure [ˋɪndʒɚ] v.
傷害，使受傷
Max injured his foot when he fell down while playing tennis.
Max 打網球時跌倒，傷到了腳。 - injury [ˋɪndʒərɪ] n.
傷害，損傷
The injuries Garry received in the car accident were fortunately not serious.
幸運的是，Garry 在車禍中受的傷並不嚴重。 - overweight [ˋovɚ͵wet] adj.
太胖的；超重的
Thanks to a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, Jim is no longer overweight.
多虧了健康的飲食和充足的運動，Jim 再也沒有過重了。
This bag is overweight, so you will have to pay an extra charge to take it on the flight.
這包包超重了，所以你要多付點錢才能帶上飛機。 - reproduce [͵riprəˋdjus] v.
重現，複製
If the Mets can reproduce today's performance in tomorrow's big game, they will get into the finals.
如果在明天的重要比賽中 Mets 可以重演今天表現，他們就能進到決賽中了。 - reproduction [͵riprəˋdʌkʃən] n.
複製品
We loved the vase so much that we bought a reproduction of it in the museum shop.
我們因為太喜歡這個花瓶了，所以在博物館中買了一個複製品。 - survival [sɚˋvaɪv!] n.
存活，倖存
A young girl was lost in the forest for days, and her survival is a dramatic story.
一名年輕女孩在森林裡面失蹤了好幾天，她最後活了下來是一個戲劇化的故事。 - survive [sɚˋvaɪv] v.
存活，倖存
It is amazing how penguins are able to survive in such a harsh environment.
企鵝在這種極端環境下還能生存真的很不可思議。 - landscape [ˋlænd͵skep] n.
景色，風景
Eddie loves hiking through the wild landscape of the hills where he grew up.
Eddie 喜歡在荒蕪的山丘景色中健行，這也是他成長的地方。 - companionship [kəmˋpænjən͵ʃɪp] n.
情誼，友誼
During my recent troubles, the companionship of my best friend Mia was a great help to me.
在我最近遇到困難時，我最好的朋友 Mia 和我的友誼真的幫了我很多。 - companion [kəmˋpænjən] n.
同伴，夥伴
Diana and three companions spent the afternoon singing songs in a KTV center.
Diana 和三個同伴整個下午都在 KTV 唱歌。 - like crazy
猛烈地，拼命地
With a top prize of NT$280 million, people are buying lottery tickets like crazy this week.
最高獎金上看新台幣兩億八千萬，人們這星期開始拼命購買彩券。 - up and down
來回地，上下地
We walked up and down the street four times but still couldn't find the restaurant.
我們在街上來回走了四次，但還是沒有找到那家餐廳。 - better off
境況更佳，生活更富裕
Our family has been much better off since my dad got a better-paid job.
自從我爸爸找到一份薪水更優渥的工作，我們家的情況就好了很多。 - anything but
絕非，並非
The test was only a weekly quiz, but it was anything but easy.
這次考試只是每週一次的小測驗，但一點也不容易。 - identify with
（與⋯⋯）有同感，（對⋯⋯）起共鳴
Ali also lost his parents when he was young, so he could identify with the boy's feelings.
Ali 在年輕時也失去雙親，所以他對男孩的感受深有同感。 - run its course
順其自然
The only way to get rid of a cold is to let it run its course over a week or two.
去除感冒的唯一辦法就是讓它順其自然一週或兩週。 - be meant to
應該
You were meant to be here before lunch, and it's three o'clock now!
你應該在午餐錢到這裡，現在已經三點了!
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