There's been a lot of talk lately about sugar being bad for you, which is a bummer because sugar is the best, right? I mean, who doesn't like sweetness? You can hate on any other taste, and it's totally understandable: bitterness, sourness, saltiness, umami. Yeah, that's right—umami. Apparently it's a taste. And you know what? Not everyone loves it. But sugar? Pretty much everyone likes the sweet, sweet taste of sugar. But now some scientists are saying sugar is toxic. Really, scientists? Couldn't you have just looked the other way on this one? We all know that sugar isn't the healthiest thing, but it's not dangerous, right? Well, it turns out that it totally can be.
最近有很多流言蜚語，講的是糖對你有害，那真是差勁，因為糖最棒了，對吧？我是說，誰不喜歡甜呢？你可以說其它任何味道的壞話，那完全可以理解：苦、酸、鹹、鮮味。對，沒錯－－鮮味。很顯然它是種味道。可是你知道嗎？不是每個人都愛鮮味。但是糖？幾乎所有人都喜歡糖那甜甜蜜蜜的滋味。但現在有些科學家說糖有害。科學家們，有沒有搞錯？你們難道不能就對這睜一隻眼閉一隻眼嗎？我們都知道糖不是最健康的東西，不過它不危險，對吧？這個嘛，結果證明糖完全可以十分危險。
Here's a sad statistic: For the first time in history, U.S. children are not expected to live longer than their parents. Why? A lot of it has to do with the fact that cases of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease are through the roof. Here's another sad statistic: Today, one out of every three U.S. adults is obese—not overweight, obese. One in three. But what does this have to do with sugar? Sugar's been around forever, so why is it suddenly making us so sick? What changed? What changed is we've dramatically increased the amount of fructose we consume.
這裡是個令人難過的統計數據：歷史上頭一遭，美國孩童不被認為可以活得比他們的父母久。為什麼？這很多和一個事實有關，肥胖、第二型糖尿病以及心臟疾病的案例飆升。這裡是另一個讓人不快的數據：現今，每三個美國成人就有一個肥胖－－不是過重，是肥胖。每三個就有一個。但這和糖有什麼關係？糖已經存在很久，為什麼它突然讓我們這麼不健康呢？是什麼改變了？改變的事是人們大大增加吃下的果糖的量。
Fructose is the sweet stuff that's in sugar and high fructose corn syrup, sugar's newer and cheaper twin. Fructose can do damage to your body in ways we are just beginning to understand. What kind of damage? Let's start with the nerdiest part of the body: the brain.
果糖是糖和高果糖玉米糖漿裡甜甜的玩意，高果糖玉米糖漿是糖比較新出現而且比較便宜的雙胞胎。果糖會對你的身體造成傷害，以我們才剛開始瞭解的方式。造成怎樣的傷害呢？讓我們從身體最宅的部位開始：大腦。
Just recently, scientists discovered a hormone called leptin. Leptin's job is to tell your brain that your body's had enough to eat. Guess what gets in the way of that job? Sugar. When you indulge in soft drinks and junk food, your brain has a hard time recognizing leptin, so you stay hungry longer and eat more than you should. This causes problems with your pancreas. Your pancreas produces insulin, which helps regulate your blood sugar. The more sugar you have in your bloodstream, the harder your pancreas has to work. And an overworked pancreas can lead to bad things: obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. And when you consider heart disease and liver disease, both of which can be caused by sugar, then, yeah, sugar is bad.
就在最近，科學家們發現一種名為「瘦蛋白」的荷爾蒙。瘦蛋白的工作是告訴大腦你的身體已經吃夠了。猜猜什麼會阻撓那工作？糖。當你放縱享用汽水和垃圾食物時，你的大腦很難辨識出瘦蛋白，所以你會餓比較久，而且吃下比該吃的量還要多。這會對你的胰臟造成問題。你的胰臟產出胰島素，那幫助控制你的血糖。你的血流中含有越多糖分，你的胰臟就要工作得越賣力。過勞的胰臟可能導致壞事發生：肥胖、代謝症候群，還有第二型糖尿病。而且當你想到心臟病和肝病，那兩種都會因糖引起，那麼，對，糖壞壞。
Okay. Cut down on the sweets, right? Not as easy as it sounds. High fructose corn syrup is now added to foods that never had sugar before, foods you wouldn't expect. In fact, a recent study found that 80 percent of the food items in America now contain added sugar—80 percent! But, like a good raincoat, this trend is reversible. Educated consumers can change the way food is manufactured, simply by making better choices. Food companies only make what we buy, right? So avoiding food and drinks with added sugar will force the food industry to produce healthier food and stop adding sugar. But we have to start now, because sugar is killing us.
好。減少甜食，沒錯吧？沒聽起來那麼容易。高果糖玉米糖漿現在被加進以往從未含糖的食物裡，一些你不會料到的食物中。事實上，一項近來的研究發現美國現在有百分之八十的食品含有添加糖－－百分之八十!不過，就像一件好的雨衣，這種趨勢是可以翻轉的。受到教育的消費者們可以改變食物製造的方式，只要靠著做出更好的選擇。食物公司只會製造我們付錢買的東西，對吧？所以避開有添加糖的食物和飲料將會迫使食物業製造更健康的食物，並且停止加入糖。不過我們必須現在就開始，因為糖正在害死我們。
- 「假裝沒看見」- Look The Other Way
Couldn't you have just looked the other way on this one?
你們難道不能就對這睜一隻眼閉一隻眼嗎？ - 「結果是」- Turn Out
We all know that sugar isn't the healthiest thing, but it's not dangerous, right? Well, it turns out that it totally can be.
我們都知道糖不是最健康的東西，不過它不危險，對吧？這個嘛，結果證明糖完全可以十分危險。 - 「和...有關」- Have To Do With
But what does this have to do with sugar?
但這和糖有什麼關係？ - 「擋路、阻撓」- Get In The Way
Guess what gets in the way of that job?
猜猜什麼會阻撓那工作？ - 「減少、削減」- Cut Down
Cut down on the sweets, right?
減少甜食，沒錯吧？
