Hello, my name is Amelia. In this video, we will look at how to take words you already know and make them into new words. All you have to do is add a few letters before the word—these are called "prefixes." Or, add a few letters after a word—these are known as "suffixes."
哈囉，我的名字是 Amelia。這部影片中，我們要看看如何將你已知的字拿來，然後把它們變成新的字。你要做的就只有在那個字前加上幾個字母－－這些稱作「字首」。或是，在字的後面加幾個字母－－這些叫「字尾」。
Here's an example: "Place," "re"-place, replace-"ment." Be careful. You can't do this with all vocabulary, but you can have fun experimenting to see which ones work and which ones don't.
這有個例子：Place(地方)、"re"-place(替代)、replace-"ment"(替代物)。注意。你不能所有單字都這樣做，但你可以從實驗哪些字能這樣用而哪些字不能來得到樂趣。
Let's look at prefixes first. We all know the word "do." Did you know that you can "re"-do something? And if you're not happy with it, you can "un"-do it too. What does the prefix "re-" mean here? That's right. "Re-" means "again." So if you "redo" something, you do it again. And what about "un-" in "undo"? "Un-" is an opposite. So if you "undo" something, you reverse what you have done. Here's another prefix. What does it mean? "Dis"-agree, "dis"-like, "dis"-allow, "dis"-appear. "Dis-" also means "not" or "reversal."
先來看字首。我們都知道 do(做)這個字。你知道你可以 "re"-do(重做)某件事嗎？如果你不滿意，你也可以 "un"-do(取消)它。這的字首 re- 是什麼意思呢？沒錯。Re- 代表「再一次」。所以如果你 redo 某件事，就是你再做那件事一遍。那麼 undo 中的 un- 呢？Un- 則相反。如果你 undo 某件事，你整個改變了你做過的事。這有另一個字首。它是什麼意思？"Dis"-agree(不同意)、"dis"-like(不喜歡)、"dis"-allow(不允許)、"dis"-appear(不見)。Dis- 也代表「不」或「相反」。
Now let's look at some suffixes. "Happy" is an adjective. How can we make it into a noun? Simple. Just add the suffix "-ness." "Happy" plus "-ness" equals "happiness." Here are two more adjectives to express feelings: "sad" and "tired." To make the noun, you just add the same suffix. Have a look. "Sad" plus "-ness" equals "sadness." "Tired" plus "-ness" equals "tiredness."
現在我們來看一些字尾。Happy(開心的)是個形容詞。我們怎麼把它變成名詞呢？簡單。只要加上字尾 -ness。Happy(快樂的)加上 -ness 等於 happiness(快樂)。這還有兩個表達感受的形容詞：sad(憂傷的)和 tired(疲累的)。要變成名詞，你只要加上相同字尾。來看看。Sad(憂傷的)加上 -ness 等於 sadness(憂傷)。Tired(疲累的)加上 -ness 等於 tiredness(疲累)。
There are a few more prefixes and suffixes that go with a range of words. Learning which ones to use and with which words may seem hard at first, but with time, you'll learn to hear what sounds right. Prefixes and suffixes are everywhere. Next time you're reading or listening to English, start noticing which beginnings and endings are being used. Make a note of them, and more importantly, use them—it's the only way to remember them.
還有幾個和一系列單字搭配的字首和字尾。學習要用哪些字和要搭配哪些字一開始可能看起來很難，但隨著時間，你會學到什麼聽起來是對的。字首和字尾無所不在。下次你在讀或聽英文時，開始注意用的是哪些開頭和結尾。把它們記下來，更重要的是，運用它們－－這是記住它們的唯一方法。
We hope you found this video helpful, and we look forward to your return. Thanks for watching.
我們希望你覺得這影片有幫助，期待你回來。謝謝收看。
- 「被稱為...」- Be Known As
Or, add a few letters after a word—these are known as "suffixes."
或是，在字的後面加幾個字母－－這些叫「字尾」。 - 「玩得開心」- Have Fun
You can't do this with all vocabulary, but you can have fun experimenting to see which ones work and which ones don't.
你不能所有單字都這樣做，但你可以從實驗哪些字能這樣用而哪些字不能來得到樂趣。 - 「與...相配、伴隨」- Go With
There are a few more prefixes and suffixes that go with a range of words.
還有幾個和一系列單字搭配的字首和字尾。 - 「把...記下來、記錄」- Make A Note Of
Make a note of them, and more importantly, use them...
把它們記下來，更重要的是，運用它們...
